STATUS IMUNISASI, SANITASI, PERILAKU HIGIENE, DAN PENYAKIT INFEKSI PADA BALITA STUNTING DI PEDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN
Abstract
Prevalensi stunting masih cukup tinggi di Indonesia. Sanitasi dan praktek higiene yang buruk serta rendahnya imunisasi menyebabkan rentannya balita terkena penyakit infeksi dan menjadi stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sebaran stunting dan hubungan antara status imunisasi, sanitasi, perilaku hygiene, dan penyakit infeksi dengan stunting di pedesaan dan perkotaan. Penelitian berjenis kuantitatif menggunakan desain case control di tiga desa di Kabupaten Jombang dan tiga kelurahan di Kota Pasuruan. Total sampel adalah 292 balita yang terbagi menjadi 146 kelompok kasus dan 146 kelompok kontrol. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stunting berhubungan dengan penyakit infeksi panas (p=0,047) di perkotaan dan penyakit infeksi diare (p=0,000) di pedesaan. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara stunting dengan status imunisasi, sanitasi dan perilaku higiene di perkotaan dan pedesaan. Perlunya konseling gizi secara intensif terkait dengan praktek pemberian makan yang aman dan higienis terutama pada ibu balita dengan pendidikan dan sosial ekonomi yang rendah serta tinggal di daerah-daerah kumuh di perkotaan dan pedesaan.
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